IPW Daily Report – Thursday, February 12, 2004
                              
                              
                              And according to 
                              the Wall Street Journal's 'Best of the Web' column, 
                              Drudge says the Kerry rumor is the reason Howard 
                              Dean reversed his earlier pledge to withdraw from 
                              the race if he lost Wisconsin.
                              
                              “So in 1971 Kerry's view was that American 
                              servicemen in Vietnam were murderers. In 1992, 
                              they were no better or worse than anyone else. 
                              Today he proudly claims the mantle of war hero.”
                              – James Taranto 
                              writes, Best of the Web (Wall Street Journal)
                              
                              “After taking the summer off, Bush reported for 
                              duty nine times between Nov. 29, 1972, and May 24, 
                              1973 – more than enough times to fulfill his Guard 
                              duties. (And nine times more than Bill Clinton, 
                              Barney Frank or Chuck Schumer did during the same 
                              period.)”  -- 
                              writes Ann Coulter.
                              
                              "These are attempts to troll for personal records 
                              for partisan advantage. We're not going to play,"
                              Dan Bartlett, 
                              White House spokesman said regarding investigating 
                              Bush’s National Guard service. "The goal 
                              post is being moved." 
                              
                              Democratic insiders "are so desperate to win this 
                              race they're willing to be like Republicans to do 
                              it. Well that's not the Democratic Party that I'm 
                              trying to create and reorient, and it's a terrible 
                              disappointment to me. I think Kerry's going to be 
                              a weak nominee if he gets the nomination,"
                              Howard Dean 
                              said. 
                              
                              "I regard the next election as a referendum on the 
                              Bush doctrine and on Iraq,''
                              said George 
                              Soros, who was also promoting his book, The Bubble 
                              of American Supremacy: Correcting the Misuse of 
                              American Power.
                              
                              “…Again on Tuesday, new documents proved again 
                              that the President served honorably in the 
                              National Guard... I am sure the media will follow 
                              up with 'well that only proves his teeth were 
                              there, but do you have any proof of the rest of 
                              his body being there?'"
                              writes ABC’s 
                              The Note.
                              
                              “The Budget Committee is probably the most 
                              unneeded committee in Congress,”
                              said a 
                              conservative chief of staff. “Because 
                              whatever they pass, we blow through it. They’re 
                              probably the most irrelevant committee, but they 
                              should be the most important.”
                              
                              
                              Kerry’s affair?
                              
                              Clark to endorse Kerry
                              
                              Kerry campaign to be dirty
                              
                              Can nice guys go farther?
                              
                              Soft money in 2003
                              
                              The Good Times roll on
                              
                              Wisconsin veterans organize
                              
                              Edwards running 2 ads
                              
                              Edwards unveils prevention not preemption
                              
                              Edwards on Clark
                              
                              Kucinich on peace mission
                              
                              
                              Kerry Affair:
                              DRUDGE Update
                              
                              Here is the latest on the developing Kerry/young 
                              intern affair story, a “DRUDGE Exclusive”:
                              
                              OUT OF AFRICA: KERRY PREPARES RESPONSE TO MEDIA 
                              PROBE OF RELATIONSHIP
                              
                              Democratic presidential frontrunner John Kerry is 
                              planning a response to a DRUDGE REPORT exclusive 
                              which first revealed the frantic behind-the-scenes 
                              drama surrounding a woman who recently fled the 
                              country, reportedly at the prodding of Kerry!
                              
                              The nature and details of a claimed two-year 
                              relationship, beginning in the Spring of 2001, 
                              between a young woman and Kerry is at the center 
                              of serious investigations at several media 
                              outlets.
                              
                              After being approached by a top news producer, the 
                              woman fled to Africa, where she remains, the 
                              DRUDGE REPORT can reveal.
                              
                              Unlike the Monica Lewinsky drama, which first 
                              played out publicly in this space, with audio 
                              tapes, cigar and a dress, the Kerry situation has 
                              posed a challange to reporters investigating the 
                              claims.
                              
                              "There is no lawsuit testimony this time [like 
                              Clinton with Paula Jones]," a top source said 
                              Thursday night. "It is hard to prove."
                              
                              A close friend of the woman first approached a 
                              reporter late last year claiming fantastic stories 
                              -- stories that now threaten to turn the race for 
                              the presidency on its head.
                              
                              Kerry is scheduled to appear on IMUS IN THE 
                              MORNING on Friday. Later he is scheduled to join 
                              General Wesley Clark, who, in an off-the-record 
                              conversation with a dozen reporters earlier this 
                              week, plainly stated: "Kerry will implode over an 
                              intern issue."
                              
                              Reporters who witnessed Clark making the stunning 
                              comments marvel at the General's reluctance to 
                              later confirm they were spoken -- only to later 
                              endorse Kerry for the nomination!
                              
                              Developing...
                              
                              Kerry’s affair?
                              
                              Drudge reports:
                              
                              In an off-the-record conversation with a dozen 
                              reporters earlier this week, General Wesley Clark 
                              plainly stated: "Kerry will implode over an intern 
                              issue." [Three reporters in attendance confirm 
                              Clark made the startling comments.]
                              
                              The “other woman” is supposed to have fled the 
                              country at Sen. John Kerry’s urging. This cannot 
                              be good news to someone who is supposed to be a 
                              gold digger and married to his second near 
                              billionaire wife. Drudge also reports: 
                              
                              A serious investigation of the woman and the 
                              nature of her relationship with Sen. John Kerry 
                              has been underway at TIME magazine, ABC NEWS, the 
                              WASHINGTON POST, THE HILL and the ASSOCIATED 
                              PRESS, where the woman in question once worked.
                              
                              And according to the Wall Street Journal's 'Best 
                              of the Web' column, Drudge says the Kerry rumor is 
                              the reason Howard Dean reversed his earlier pledge 
                              to withdraw from the race if he lost Wisconsin.
                              
                              Clark to endorse Kerry
                              
                              The Associated Press is reporting that Wesley 
                              Clark will endorse Sen. John Kerry tomorrow and 
                              campaign with Kerry:
                              
                              Clark spokesman Matt Bennett would not confirm the 
                              endorsement, but said, "Gen. Clark is looking 
                              forward to going to Wisconsin to be with Sen. 
                              Kerry" on Friday. 
                              
                              Officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, 
                              said the retired Army general would make a formal 
                              endorsement at a campaign stop in Wisconsin, which 
                              holds its primary Tuesday. 
                              
                              This goes against Howard Dean’s statement:
                              
                              "I believe Wes Clark's supporters will take a 
                              fresh look at our campaign, because Wes Clark and 
                              I agreed that the best way to take on George W. 
                              Bush this fall is not with a Washington politician 
                              who voted to support this president's wrongheaded 
                              policies, but with an experienced leader and a 
                              grassroots campaign that can bring new people into 
                              the process and change the way Washington does 
                              business. Wes Clark and I agreed that the most 
                              urgent national security threats are terrorism and 
                              weapons of mass destruction. Our campaign, 
                              strongly supported by senior retired military 
                              leaders, offers much to people impressed by 
                              General Clark's outstanding record of service and 
                              commitment to national security." 
                              
                              Kerry campaign to be dirty
                              
                              "One of Senator Kerry's campaign consultants was 
                              recently quoted in the New York Times saying, 
                              'Everything is on the table -- Everything.' 
                              
                              “Everything” means taking slanderous charges 
                              against the President of the United States, 
                              funneling money to shadow organizations in voter 
                              suppression tactics, and spreading lies on the 
                              Internet. 
                              
                              Can nice guys go farther?
                              
                              USA Today:  writes about "Edwards' dilemma: 
                              The strategy that got him this far may prevent him 
                              from going further. He has portrayed himself as 
                              different from the other contenders because he has 
                              avoided negative attacks. Those are just the sort 
                              of comparisons that he now needs to draw Kerry to 
                              combat. So he tries to contrast himself with Kerry 
                              by inference, a leap for voters in Wisconsin and 
                              other primary states who don't know much about 
                              either man."
                              
                              He may not even be Vice President:
                              
                              Several Kerry advisers say the Massachusetts 
                              senator is skeptical about Edwards's strength as a 
                              running mate, saying he appears to lack the clout 
                              with Southern voters that he often brags about 
                              being able to deliver. Edwards's inability to win 
                              more than a single primary state thus far may give 
                              him the aura of a loser in the general election, 
                              these Kerry aides said. And Kerry himself recently 
                              noted with a touch of derision that, according to 
                              opinion polls, President Bush would defeat Edwards 
                              in his own home state of North Carolina."
                              
                              Soft money in 2003
                              
                              Here are the top money raisers in the soft money 
                              category for 2003:
                              
                              Republican Governors Association: $12,537,847 
                              
                              America Coming Together, pro-Democrat: $12,515,000
                              
                              
                              Democratic Governors' Association: $9,333,077 
                              
                              American Federation of State, County and Municipal 
                              Employees Special Account, Democratic-leaning: 
                              $6,243,858 
                              
                              MoveOn.org Voter Fund, pro-Democrat: $4,799,433
                              
                              
                              Republican State Leadership Committee: $3,739,474
                              
                              
                              The Partnership for America's Families, 
                              pro-Democrat: $3,071,211 
                              
                              Media Fund, pro-Democrat: $3,000,000 
                              
                              New Democrat Network: $2,701,018 
                              
                              The Club for Growth, pro-Republican: $2,662,154
                              
                              
                              EMILY's List, pro-Democratic women: $2,581,443 
                              
                              Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee: 
                              $1,938,467 
                              
                              Sierra Club Voter Education Fund, pro-Democrat: 
                              $1,790,982 
                              
                              League of Conservation Voters, pro-Democrat: 
                              $1,388,000 
                              
                              America Votes, pro-Democrat: $1,182,036 
                              
                              Source: Reports filed with the IRS and compiled by 
                              the nonpartisan Political Money Line campaign 
                              finance tracking service. 
                              
                              The Good Times roll on
                              
                              John Kerry has lots of people jumping on his 
                              victory express.
                              
                              The Teamsters, steelworkers and 17 other labor 
                              unions that formerly backed Rep. Richard Gephardt 
                              for the White House officially endorsed the 
                              Massachusetts Democrat on Wednesday. 
                              
                              Hours after retired Gen. Wesley Clark officially 
                              dropped out of the race at midday, Rep. Charles 
                              Rangel of New York indicated that most 
                              congressional supporters of Clark were ready to 
                              issue a joint statement endorsing Kerry. 
                              
                              “In fact, I have a draft of a press release right 
                              here,” Rangel said as he patted his suit jacket 
                              pocket.
                              
                              Dean supporters also are re-evaluating their 
                              positions even though their candidate has 
                              renounced his earlier pledge to end his campaign 
                              if he doesn’t win Wisconsin on Tuesday. 
                              
                              Sen. Tom Harkin of Iowa, who campaigned 
                              energetically for Dean through the Iowa caucuses, 
                              indicated he’s ready to reconsider his endorsement 
                              after Wisconsin. 
                              
                              “Sen. Harkin has said we have an excellent field 
                              of candidates this year, and he’s going to support 
                              the Democratic nominee,” said spokeswoman Allison 
                              Dobson. 
                              
                              One of the two major labor unions supporting Dean 
                              — the American Federation of State County and 
                              Municipal Employees — decided last weekend to stop 
                              campaigning for him. The other one — the Service 
                              Employees International Union — will re-evaluate 
                              its position after the Wisconsin contest. 
                              
                              Democratic Rep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick of 
                              Michigan withdrew her endorsement of Dean on 
                              Sunday, the day after he came in a distant second 
                              to Kerry in her state’s primary. 
                              
                              “The people of Michigan and my constituents in the 
                              13th Congressional District have spoken,” 
                              Kilpatrick said. 
                              
                              Wisconsin veterans organize
                              
                              Today Kerry’s campaign announced that veterans 
                              from across Wisconsin will gather to show their 
                              support for John Kerry’s campaign for president at 
                              events in Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Green Bay, La 
                              Crosse, Madison, Manitowoc, Milwaukee and Wausau.
                              
                              
                              The campaign reports Wisconsin is home to more 
                              than 480,000 veterans. Building on success of 
                              veterans outreach efforts in Iowa and New 
                              Hampshire, the Kerry campaign hopes to mobilize 
                              Wisconsin veterans to help John Kerry fight for 
                              every vote before next Tuesday’s primary. 
                              
                              “We must do our part to care for those who have 
                              borne the burdens of battle. This is about keeping 
                              America’s promise. And it is about love of country 
                              and the help and honor we owe to those who defend 
                              it,” said John Kerry. 
                              
                              “For those of us who came home every day is extra. 
                              I believe we – who stand here today – who have 
                              stood our ground for our country – carry the 
                              legacy of the brave soldiers who didn’t make it 
                              back, whose names are on the wall, in memorials, 
                              and in hearts all around our country.”
                              
                              Edwards running 2 ads
                              
                              Sen. John Edwards is running two different ads in 
                              Wisconsin.
                              
                              The following is the script of "American Jobs":
                              
                              "It's easy for candidates to talk about 
                              manufacturing and jobs, but I've lived it and I 
                              have not forgotten it. My Dad worked in textile 
                              mills to put food on our table and clothes on our 
                              backs. Today, the mills are gone. And so are the 
                              jobs. That's why I opposed NAFTA and why I'll end 
                              tax breaks for companies that send jobs overseas. 
                              I'm John Edwards and I approve this message 
                              because no one will do more than I will to keep 
                              American jobs right here in America. That's 
                              something you can count on."
                              
                              The following is the script of "Better Life":
                              
                              "I was born 50 years ago, and this was my first 
                              home. The folks I grew up with they weren't 
                              famous, and they sure weren't rich. They just 
                              worked hard every day to give their kids a better 
                              life. I'm John Edwards, and I approved this 
                              message because I believe that when you remember 
                              where you came from, you'll always know where 
                              you're going, and what you need to fight for: real 
                              change that will give today's families a chance to 
                              give their kids a better life. As president, 
                              that's what I'll fight for every day - an America 
                              that works for all of us."
                              
                              Edwards unveils prevention not preemption
                              
                              John Edwards offered the following plan to meet 
                              our nation’s national security challenges in 
                              response to President Bush’s speech on the threat 
                              posed by the spread of weapons of mass 
                              destruction, especially nuclear weapons.
                              
                              Edwards stated that time and technology have 
                              enabled dangerous states like North Korea and Iran 
                              to take steps toward the development of nuclear 
                              arms. These states and others also have the 
                              capacity to produce and sell dangerous 
                              technologies to terrorists intent on doing us 
                              harm. At the same time, the source materials for 
                              producing weapons of mass destruction have become 
                              vulnerable to theft or black-market sale, 
                              particularly in the former Soviet Union.
                              
                              Meanwhile, the international rules and 
                              institutions America relies on to deter and 
                              isolate those trying to get such weapons are 
                              riddled with loopholes and gaps. Edwards stated 
                              that the Bush administration has responded by 
                              pretending that these rules and institutions do 
                              not matter. Edwards said that he believes that 
                              they do matter, and that the right policy for 
                              America's security is not to ignore them, but to 
                              fix them.
                              
                              Edwards stated that America cannot accept the 
                              false choice between the administration's 
                              dangerous doctrine of preemption and a 
                              multilateral regime that isn't up to the current 
                              challenge. He has a plan designed to accomplish 
                              three broad objectives:
                              
                              1.     
                              To establish new international standards 
                              and safeguards to stop dangerous weapons from 
                              getting into the wrong hands - standards that are 
                              clear, unambiguous and sanctioned by international 
                              law;
                              
                              2.     
                              To give the international community tough 
                              new tools to punish nations that violate these 
                              standards; and
                              
                              3.     
                              To improve America's ability to be an 
                              international leader in this effort.
                              
                              To accomplish these objectives, Edwards will:
                              
                              ·       
                              Establish a new Global Nuclear 
                              Compact to strengthen and reinforce the Nuclear 
                              Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
                              
                              ·       
                              Propose a new United Nations 
                              Security Council Resolution to tighten the 
                              diplomatic noose around nations that violate 
                              non-proliferation agreements
                              
                              ·       
                              Triple the budget for programs to 
                              end the dangers of "Loose Nukes" in the former 
                              Soviet Union and around the world
                              
                              ·       
                              Reform our intelligence to 
                              strengthen America's capacity to understand and 
                              respond to WMD threats
                              
                              ·       
                              Appoint a high-level 
                              "Non-Proliferation Director" who will bring focus 
                              and energy to our country's non-proliferation 
                              efforts.
                              
                              Establish A New Global Nuclear Compact To 
                              Strengthen And Reinforce the Nuclear 
                              Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
                              
                              Under the NPT, it is too easy for a country to 
                              cheat or use a legal civilian power program as the 
                              jumping off point for an illegal military one by 
                              withdrawing from the Treaty on short notice and 
                              having a weapons capability within months. The new 
                              Global Nuclear Compact would close this nuclear 
                              loophole by establishing clear international 
                              standards for the storage, handling and 
                              transportation of dangerous nuclear materials, and 
                              by giving the international community new tools to 
                              deter and, if necessary, to sanction nations that 
                              violate these standards. Within six months of 
                              taking office, John Edwards will convene a summit 
                              of leading nations to consider the new Compact.
                              
                              In particular, the Compact would:
                              
                              ·       
                              Require heightened security for 
                              existing nuclear facilities and materials;
                              
                              ·       
                              Ensure more frequent verification 
                              that nuclear facilities are not being misused and 
                              nuclear materials are not being diverted;
                              
                              ·       
                              Authorize international inspectors 
                              to mount challenge inspections without notice in 
                              countries that have a record of past 
                              non-compliance with their obligations;
                              
                              ·       
                              Set specific limitations on the 
                              capability of nations to produce the most 
                              dangerous materials and increase the international 
                              community's role in providing access to fuels for 
                              peaceful nuclear programs;
                              
                              ·       
                              Authorize strong, immediate 
                              multilateral penalties aimed specifically at the 
                              military capabilities of offending nations.
                              
                              Propose A New United Nations Security Council 
                              Resolution To Tighten The Diplomatic Noose Around 
                              Nations That Violate Non-Proliferation Agreements
                              
                              This resolution would establish the principle that 
                              countries like North Korea who willfully violate 
                              treaties like the NPT lose certain rights under 
                              international law, including the right to sell or 
                              transfer deadly weapons or related material to 
                              other nations or groups. To enforce this 
                              principle, law-abiding nations would have the 
                              right to search ships, aircraft and land vehicles 
                              originating in these lawless countries.
                              
                              Triple The Budget For Programs To End The 
                              Dangers Of "Loose Nukes" In The Former Soviet 
                              Union And Around The World
                              
                              The Edwards plan would increase the budget for 
                              initiatives such as the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative 
                              Threat Reduction Program -- from $1 billion per 
                              year to $3 billion per year - allowing us to 
                              eliminate this problem before the end of the 
                              decade. These increases would be paid for by 
                              canceling the Bush administration's plan to create 
                              a new generation of "bunker-busting" nuclear 
                              weapons and by cuts in the $9 billion annual 
                              budget for the missile defense programs. It makes 
                              no sense to spend nine times as much on an 
                              unproven missile defense system than we do on 
                              proven successes like the Nunn-Lugar.
                              
                              Strengthen America's Intelligence Capability To 
                              Understand And Respond To WMD Threats
                              
                              Edwards will hire more intelligence analysts with 
                              the right kind of scientific and technical 
                              training, backgrounds, and language skills, and 
                              institute reforms to improve both our technical 
                              and human intelligence concerning WMD. To reform 
                              domestic intelligence, Edwards will shift the 
                              authority for tracking down terrorists here at 
                              home from the FBI to a new agency. That agency 
                              should have a mandate, the mission and the 
                              institutional culture needed to assault terror 
                              without assaulting the constitution of the United 
                              States.
                              
                              Appoint A High-Level "Non-Proliferation 
                              Director" Who Will Bring Focus And Energy To Our 
                              Country's Non-Proliferation Efforts
                              
                              Right now we have one person in charge of homeland 
                              security, one person who leads our fight against 
                              drugs and a single administrator in Iraq, but no 
                              one person or office in charge of dealing with the 
                              threat from WMD. Instead, that responsibility is 
                              dispersed among at least six agencies and many 
                              layers of bureaucracy. Edwards will name a senior 
                              official, answering directly to him as president, 
                              who will wake up every morning thinking only about 
                              how to keep WMD out of the hands of terrorists and 
                              others who wish us harm.
                              
                              Edwards on Clark
                              
                              Senator John Edwards (D-NC) released the following 
                              statement:
                              
                              "General Wesley Clark has served his country with 
                              honor and integrity, and he deserves every 
                              American's praise for his service. He has run a 
                              strong campaign based on leadership and 
                              patriotism-two characteristics that define him to 
                              the core. While General Clark may leave this 
                              campaign today, we are all proud that he remains 
                              committed to ending George Bush's presidency and 
                              launching a new beginning for America. I hope that 
                              he continues to offer his ideas and insights as we 
                              work together to take back the White House in 
                              November."
                              
                              Kucinich on peace mission
                              
                              This Friday, Democratic Presidential candidate 
                              Dennis Kucinich will deliver a speech in support 
                              of the Peacemakers who organize the weekly 
                              Visitation Valley gathering, “Operation Save a 
                              Life”. With this appearance, Kucinich will launch 
                              his ‘Other America’ Tour, during which he will 
                              visit communities that are ignored in public 
                              debate by the media and candidates, highlighting 
                              the disenfranchised members of the American 
                              Democratic project. Kucinich’s speech, “I Remember 
                              Where I Came From”, will draw on his upbringing in 
                              poor communities of color and address his efforts 
                              to shift our national priorities to improve 
                              quality of life in poor communities. This will 
                              include his plan for a WPA-style full employment 
                              economy and for a national living wage.
                              
                              Beginning in November, 2003, members of the 
                              Visitation Valley community have gathered every 
                              Friday evening at the corner of Sunnydale and Hahn 
                              for “Operation Save a Life”. The gathering seeks 
                              to bring peace to the neighborhood by reclaiming 
                              the northeast corner in front of a market for the 
                              community because of the problems of violence that 
                              have plagued the area.
                              
                              During “Operation Save a Life”, community members, 
                              nearly all of whose lives have been directly 
                              affected by violence in the neighborhood, sing, 
                              pray, and express themselves on an open 
                              microphone, communicating their messages of peace 
                              and healing.
                              
                              The Dennis Kucinich for President campaign 
                              supports the weekly event. San Francisco Campaign 
                              Outreach Coordinator, Pamela Gaddies is one of its 
                              key organizers. Gaddies notes: “Dennis’ plan for a 
                              Department of Peace would ensure that the dollars 
                              for violence prevention and education would be 
                              funneled directly into the communities in this 
                              country that are affected by violence.” 
                              
                              
                              Bush a grand strategist
                              
                              "Surprise, Security, and the American Experience" 
                              (Harvard Press) to be released in March, is John 
                              Lewis Gaddis, the Robert A. Lovett professor of 
                              military and naval history at Yale University. 
                              This book argues that President Bush is designing 
                              one of the three great models of defense in our 
                              nation’s short history. Gaddis points out that 
                              first was Monroe’s doctrine and then F.D.R.’s 
                              internationalism and now preemption.
                              
                              Mr. Bush "undertook a decisive and courageous 
                              reassessment of American grand strategy following 
                              the shock of the 9/11 attacks. At his doctrine's 
                              center, Bush placed the democratization of the 
                              Middle East and the urgent need to prevent 
                              terrorists and rogue states from getting nuclear 
                              weapons. Bush also boldly rejected the constraints 
                              of an outmoded international system that was 
                              really nothing more that a snapshot of the 
                              configuration of power that existed in 1945."
                              
                              Bush reported for Alabama duty
                              
                              Dental records are the often used records of 
                              identification in forensic tests, and so, they are 
                              being released by the White House as proof that 
                              Lt. George W. Bush reported for duty at the 
                              Alabama Guard:
                              
                              Bush's staff 
                              provided copies of a one-page record of a dental 
                              exam, complete with drawings of Bush's 
                              teeth, that showed he was at Dannelly Air National 
                              Guard base in Montgomery, Ala., on Jan. 6, 1973.
                              
                              
                              Osama’s terrorist navy
                              
                              The London Mirror reports that alQaeda has a 
                              terrorist navy:
                              
                              OSAMA bin Laden has a "terrorist navy" of 15 
                              ships.
                              
                              And Scotland Yard has warned one could sail up the 
                              Thames to attack Parliament.
                              
                              The vessels - capable of carrying lethal chemicals 
                              or a dirty bomb - could also ram cruise liners, 
                              oil rigs or enter ports on missions of 
                              destruction.
                              
                              The fleet is being tracked down, according to 
                              authorities. 
                              
                               
          
                              
          
                                        
                                        
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